{"id":1563,"date":"2022-02-01T21:28:39","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T21:28:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/?p=1563"},"modified":"2024-09-03T21:26:06","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T20:26:06","slug":"check-kebabs-naples-filza","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/check-kebabs-naples-filza\/","title":{"rendered":"Cashier check \u2018kebabs\u2019 sum up Naples\u2019 financial history"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"entry-header bg-adp-tan block--article-header alignfull block--article-header\" >\n\n  \n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large entry--image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1564\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-1600x1068.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/05-2.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fondazione Banco di Napoli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group entry--title-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"entry--social-share\">\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/check-kebabs-naples-filza\/&#038;t=Cashier check \u2018kebabs\u2019 sum up Naples\u2019 financial history\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/facebook.svg\" alt=\"Facebook logo - click to share this article on Facebook\"><\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Cashier check \u2018kebabs\u2019 sum up Naples\u2019 financial history&#038;url=https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/check-kebabs-naples-filza\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/twitter.svg\" alt=\"Twitter logo - click to share this article on Twitter\"><\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Frethinkq.adp.com%2Fcheck-kebabs-naples-filza%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/linkedin.svg\" alt=\"LinkedIn logo - click to share this article on Facebook\"><\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n            <a class=\"entry--tag tag-style\" href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/artifact\/\">Artifact<\/a>\n\n        \n  <h1 class=\"entry-title\">Cashier check \u2018kebabs\u2019 sum up Naples\u2019 financial history<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-summary-style\">This Italian port city was a business hub for centuries, and all its dealings were documented on slips of paper strung up like meat.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"entry--meta content-width\">\n           <p class=\"authors\">By\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/irene-caselli\/\">Irene Caselli<\/a>\n\n             \n         \n     <\/p>\n    \n  \n  <p>1 February 2022  <span class=\"desktop-only\">\u2014<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/issue-4-security\/\">Issue 4: Security<\/a> \n  <\/div><!-- .entry-meta -->\n\n<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t<div class=\"entry-content content-width\">\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s the early 17th century. A successful merchant from the Balkans is stopping over in the bustling Mediterranean port of Naples for a little business \u2014&nbsp;trading some grain, doing some currency exchange. He hears that one of Italy\u2019s most famous painters is taking private commissions, and he would love to go back home with his own Caravaggio to show off. He has the funds \u2014&nbsp;but what\u2019s the safest way to pay such a large amount of money in this city of ill repute? Naples is full of dark alleys, and it\u2019s hard to conceal a heavy pouch of silver coins. He can\u2019t just PayPal the artist \u2014&nbsp;it\u2019s the 17th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the time, Naples was the second most populous city in Europe, with more than 300,000 residents before the 1656 plague claimed half of them. In 1750, it ranked third after London and Paris, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hup.harvard.edu\/catalog.php?isbn=9780674543621\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">according to historians<\/a>. Since it was a bustling port city with lots of foreign trade, bankers created financial solutions to ease transactions for its inhabitants and visitors. Though Naples banks didn\u2019t invent cashier\u2019s checks \u2014 the Dutch claim that honor \u2014 they did make a business of it.&nbsp;In this era of electronic wire transfers and credit cards, it\u2019s easy to forget the long epoch of cashier\u2019s checks. Unlike personal checks, cashier\u2019s checks are guaranteed by a bank. As a 17th century merchant, even if you didn\u2019t have an account with a local bank in Naples, you could deposit your money there and get a \u201cfede di credito\u201d<em> <\/em>that you could give to anyone you were doing business with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery alignwide has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"1565\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01-768x1151.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01-1025x1536.jpg 1025w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/filza01.jpg 1281w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fondazione Banco di Napoli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"683\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"1566\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025-683x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025-683x1024.jpg 683w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025-768x1152.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/025.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 683px) 100vw, 683px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>What was special about these fedi di credito is that some would pass on from one person to another \u2014 like transferable checks, or third-party checks, which are not so common or safe nowadays. Whenever they passed from one person to another, records were created in the issuing bank. Today, an archive of the Banco di Napoli, one of the world\u2019s first banks, has preserved nearly 400 years\u2019 worth of these transactions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThrough the bookkeeping of the Banco di Napoli, we can piece together the history of the city,\u201d says Amedeo Lepore, professor of economic history at the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli and at Luiss University in Rome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Naples is a city confined by its geography, with the sea on one side and Mt. Vesuvius on the other. In the 1600s, the city had already started to grow vertically, boasting four-story buildings that would have been as impressive as today\u2019s skyscrapers. Over the years, the banks\u2019 collection of fedi di credito grew<em> <\/em>alongside the city\u2019s business. To better preserve the records, bookkeepers copied the information from the fede di credito in books, sorting them by the names of those who paid, the amounts they paid and the reason for the payment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>It\u2019s like a huge Excel file of 400 years of history of Southern Italy.<\/p><cite>Andrea Zappulli, ilCartastorie<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Someone had the idea to pile up the fede di credito as if they were pieces of meat in a skewer \u2014 this archival technique is called a \u201cfilza.\u201d The original twist from the Banco di Napoli bookkeepers was hanging the 1.5-meter filze from the high ceilings of the bank in order to make the most of the space they had. The system was used until the early 19th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Banco di Napoli Historical Archives have 10 filze that are still intact. Most have been opened up in order to study the contents of the documents. There are no gaps in the records: Starting in the mid-1500s all the way to the 1960s, the fedi di credito tell Naples\u2019 stories, year after year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s like a huge Excel file of 400 years of history of Southern Italy,\u201d says Andrea Zappulli of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilcartastorie.it\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ilCartastorie<\/a>, the museum of the National Archives of the Banco di Napoli.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"752\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Banco-di-Napoli-Turin-1926-Fondazione-Torino-Musei-Archivio-Fotografico.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1568\" style=\"width:376px;height:512px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Banco-di-Napoli-Turin-1926-Fondazione-Torino-Musei-Archivio-Fotografico.jpg 752w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Banco-di-Napoli-Turin-1926-Fondazione-Torino-Musei-Archivio-Fotografico-220x300.jpg 220w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 752px) 100vw, 752px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Banco di Napoli dates back to charitable institutions that arose throughout Italy, including Naples, between the 16th and 17th century, in particular the mounts of piety. Operating like an institutional pawnbroker, the mount of piety was&nbsp; founded in 1539 and allowed the city\u2019s wealthy to lend money without interest. (Some scholars date the bank\u2019s origin back to an even earlier charitable institution founded in 1463.) The Banco di Napoli eventually became a subsidiary of Intesa Sanpaolo group before being fully absorbed in 2018, meaning it no longer exists.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the bank\u2019s archives, stored on about 80 kilometers worth of shelving spread across two different buildings in Naples, are very much alive. In addition to the fedi di credito that make up the filze, it holds documents on the structure and evolution of banking and credit institutions, as well as business contracts with other European nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is one of the most important financial archives in the world,\u201d says Lepore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"722\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-1024x722.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1569\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-1024x722.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-1600x1128.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive-1536x1083.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/archive.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The currency at the time was the ducat. Ducati were gold or silver coins that were used for trade in Europe from the late Middle Ages on. Surviving fedi di credito give details of hospital bills, provide a record of payments for fireworks (20 ducati) and musicians for <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilcartastorie.it\/storie\/larte-delle-feste\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">celebrations<\/a>, and offer details of life in prison. One priest paid 20 ducati for the comforts he wanted in prison (a bed, a lamp and a door), and a lawyer received 600 ducati for defending those who couldn\u2019t afford legal costs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There are also the exact details of how a merchant from modern-day Dubrovnik, Nicol\u00f2 Radolovich, paid the master painter Caravaggio an advance of 200 ducati for an altarpiece in 1606. (A laborer might have earned a few ducati a month, so this was no small sum.) Caravaggio was at the height of his fame \u2014&nbsp;his paintings depicted realistic scenes of life and death with key figures highlighted with bold light and dark colors.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilcartastorie.it\/en\/storie\/caravaggio-le-sette-opere-e-la-pala-radolovich\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fede di credito in this case<\/a> also served as a commissioning contract, describing precisely what the painting should look like: \u201cpainting that must be finished and delivered before the end of next December, with a height of 13 \u2154 palms and width of 8 \u00bd palms with the image of the Madonna with the child in her arms surrounded by choirs of Angels and below Saint Dominic, and Saint Francis in the middle, with Saint Nicolas on his right and Saint Vitus on his left.\u201d The record of the money transfer exists to this day, but unfortunately, the painting was lost.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Much of the Banco di Napoli\u2019s archives are accessible online and in real life thanks to ilCartastorie, which was inaugurated in 2016 to tell the hidden stories in the archives with performances, texts and videos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/TableauVivant-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/TableauVivant-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/TableauVivant-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/TableauVivant-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/TableauVivant.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>We don\u2019t know if Radolovich ever received the Caravaggio painting he ordered in 1606, but 400 years later, the museum commissioned a tableau vivant play to give a sense of what the painting might have been like. Against the background of huge leather binders with dramatic lighting reminiscent of Caravaggio\u2019s <em>chiaroscuro <\/em>technique, actors in historical clothes rendered several possible versions of the painting \u2014 an event followed closely by the media and artists in the city.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe don\u2019t want to show documents; we want to tell the stories contained inside the documents,\u201d Zappulli says. \u201cBecause, unlike art museums, this museum tells the stories of those who are visiting: of their ancestors, the places they live, the roads they walk on.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"block--author\">      <div class=\"block-author__inner\">\n        <div class=\"author--image\">\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/irene-caselli\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/profile_irene-caselli-298x305.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n                  <\/div>\n        <div class=\"author--info\">\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/irene-caselli\/\" class=\"author--name\">Irene Caselli<\/a>\n\n          \n          <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irene Caselli is the founder of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slow-news.com\/irene-caselli\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The First 1,000 Days<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a fully reader-supported newsletter that covers early childhood. A native of Naples, Italy, she has lived in a dozen countries around Europe and the Americas. After working for a decade as a foreign correspondent in Latin America, in 2019 she became the First 1,000 Days correspondent for The Correspondent, a transnational member-funded journalism site. When The Correspondent shut down in December 2020, she launched her own newsletter. Irene has been awarded fellowships by the IWMF, the European Journalism Centre and the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma. She speaks six languages, and is now learning Greek.<\/span><\/p>\n          <div class=\"block--author-social\"><ul class=\"author--socials\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.slow-news.com\/irene-caselli\/\" title=\"Author Website\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-globe\"><\/i><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n       <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--recommended-content alignwide is-style-bg-adp-tan\"><div class=\"block-recommended-content__inner\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read more<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/artifact-paper-money-china\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/2HD7779-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">The birth of paper money in China<\/span>\n          <p>The advent of printed money, called jiaozi, in China changed the world and how people get paid.<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/money-matters-iceland\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/einar-h-reynis-oLZzZhjMIBw-unsplash-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">Iceland, from boom to bust to tourist hotspot<\/span>\n          <p>Iceland reinvented itself as a major travel destination after the 2008 financial crisis. Will it experience a similar post-pandemic boom?<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/artifact-ithaca-hours\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/ithaca-hours-large-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">Ithaca Hours and time-based currencies\u00a0<\/span>\n          <p>An experiment in 1990s New York was a fairly recent example of a centuries-old idea: local currency projects based on labor.\n<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group alignfull section--sign-up has-background\" style=\"background-color:#7967ae\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-default has-white-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"\/sign-up\/\">Sign up<\/a> to keep up to date with ReThink Q.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This Italian port city was a business hub for centuries, and all its dealings were documented on slips of paper strung up like meat. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1564,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[139,185,138,177],"coauthors":[157],"class_list":["post-1563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artifact","tag-banking","tag-europe","tag-history","tag-italy","issue-issue-4-security"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - 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