{"id":1621,"date":"2022-02-01T14:53:47","date_gmt":"2022-02-01T14:53:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/?p=1621"},"modified":"2024-09-03T21:35:41","modified_gmt":"2024-09-03T20:35:41","slug":"income-security-psychological-safety","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/income-security-psychological-safety\/","title":{"rendered":"Income security: A basic human need"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<header class=\"entry-header bg-adp-tan block--article-header alignfull block--article-header\" >\n\n  \n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large entry--image\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"685\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-1024x685.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1622\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-1536x1027.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-2048x1369.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/a-customer-buying-fresh-vegetables-at-a-market-in-tbilisi-georgia-FKDWNK-375x250.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group entry--title-wrapper\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"entry--social-share\">\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/income-security-psychological-safety\/&#038;t=Income security: A basic human need\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/facebook.svg\" alt=\"Facebook logo - click to share this article on Facebook\"><\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"http:\/\/twitter.com\/share?text=Income security: A basic human need&#038;url=https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/income-security-psychological-safety\/\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/twitter.svg\" alt=\"Twitter logo - click to share this article on Twitter\"><\/a><\/li>\n    <li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/sharing\/share-offsite\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Frethinkq.adp.com%2Fincome-security-psychological-safety%2F\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/themes\/rethink-quarterly\/img\/linkedin.svg\" alt=\"LinkedIn logo - click to share this article on Facebook\"><\/a><\/li>\n  <\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n          <span class=\"entry--tag tag-style\">Thought leadership<\/span>\n    \n  <h1 class=\"entry-title\">Income security: A basic human need<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-summary-style\">Poverty is so stressful that it can change the way the brain works. Ensuring income security is essential in this pandemic era.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n  <div class=\"entry--meta content-width\">\n           <p class=\"authors\">By\n                        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/zoe-cooper\/\">Zoe Cooper<\/a>\n\n             \n         \n     <\/p>\n    \n  \n  <p>1 February 2022  <span class=\"desktop-only\">\u2014<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/issue-4-security\/\">Issue 4: Security<\/a> \n  <\/div><!-- .entry-meta -->\n\n<\/header><!-- .entry-header -->\n\t<div class=\"entry-content content-width\">\n\n\n\n<p>The pandemic has increased <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/coronavirus\/policy-responses\/tackling-the-mental-health-impact-of-the-covid-19-crisis-an-integrated-whole-of-society-response-0ccafa0b\/#figure-d1e205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">anxiety<\/a> around the globe. We\u2019ve faced losses of loved ones, uncertain futures and major changes to our routines. But many pandemic worries are caused by uncertainty about work and income.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Percentage of people by region who reported being concerned about their financial and\/or job security during the pandemic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"flourish-embed flourish-chart\" data-src=\"visualisation\/8089174\"><script src=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/resources\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Financial insecurity has become a more pressing issue since the start of the pandemic. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/uk.adp.com\/resources\/insights\/people-at-work-2021-a-global-workforce-view.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ADP Research Institute<\/a>, 69% of workers say they have been paid late at some point, an increase from 60% before the pandemic. That creates significant stress as well as potentially costly consequences in the form of late payment fees, overdraft charges or loans taken out to get by.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The World Bank reported that in 2020, the number of people living in extreme poverty (defined as living on less than $1.90 a day) rose for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/poverty-and-shared-prosperity\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">first time in 20 years<\/a> as the pandemic pushed an additional 100 million people into that category.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">And the number of people living below the poverty line also grew. In the United States, the number of people living below the poverty line ($13,171 in annual income for a single person or $26,496 for a family of four) rose to 37.2 million in 2020, almost 10% more than in 2019. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cepal.org\/en\/topics\/covid-19\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Latin America<\/a>, the number of people living in poverty also rose by 11.7% from 2019 to 2020, to 209 million people, a third of the region\u2019s population. In <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/en\/web\/products-eurostat-news\/-\/ddn-20210705-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Europe<\/a>, the lowest quintile of earners saw the biggest drop in income: -10% from 2019 to 2020.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theories of need<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">Financial stress and income insecurity are not only causing daily anguish, but they also dampen people\u2019s future potential. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"is-style-default\">In the mid-20th century, a new generation of social psychologists started studying the conditions that help people thrive. They asked questions like: At a fundamental level, what does self-actualization look like, and what does it require of us? What are the conditions that promote psychological safety, and how might they be implemented, both individually and collectively?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow introduced his concept of the hierarchy of needs, an idea that has since shaped sociological research, business and management practices, and political thought. It is a classification of human needs that must be met in order for individuals to reach their full potential.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the base of the pyramid are so-called \u201cdeficiency needs,\u201d our most essential physiological needs: food, water, shelter, rest and physical health. A person cannot function fully without them. Then comes safety and the need for basic security, followed by belonging and love, then a sense of esteem. All four of the foundational categories must be fulfilled before higher-level \u201cgrowth needs\u201d can be met: cognitive ability, aesthetic needs, self-actualization and, finally, transcendence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow-1024x576.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/diagram_maslow.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If our basic needs aren\u2019t met, Maslow theorized, our behavior will reflect this deprivation. In modern terms, this is a person with low emotional bandwidth.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ability to reach a place of emotional security depends on access to basic financial security. Living in poverty has real, demonstrated emotional consequences. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/programs\/embed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Studies<\/a> have found that high levels of financial precarity can predict behavior and lead to further instability. Simply put, it\u2019s incredibly stressful to live in poverty, and that experience of stress makes financial precarity even harder to climb out of.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More recent studies have shown that the stress associated with poverty can significantly weaken cognitive functioning. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/zhaolab.psych.ubc.ca\/pdfs\/Zhao_Tomm_2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2017 study<\/a>, researchers found that resource scarcity causes people to be less able to focus on tasks, and also that attention trade-offs can play a role in how the brain encodes memories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>Poverty imposes a cognitive tax.<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The health effects of poverty are particularly pronounced in children. \u201cPoverty imposes a cognitive tax,\u201d World Bank researchers <a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/wdr2015\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wrote<\/a> in a 2015 report. Impaired cognitive development, including decreased ability to cope with stress and make decisions, has been observed in children growing up in high-stress environments such as those caused by poverty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Making budgeting decisions with little, for example, makes people so singularly focused on the task in front of them that they often overlook information that may relieve financial stress in the long term. The ability to take the future into account is a financial privilege in and of itself; when basic, short-term needs are beyond reach, it becomes more difficult \u2014 often impossible \u2014 to plan ahead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How do we move forward?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Relieving financial stress is helpful for people at all levels of income.&nbsp;Experiments with <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/time-for-universal-basic-income\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Universal Basic Income<\/a> are increasing. Many governments used direct <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/global-pandemic-stimulus-packages\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cash benefits<\/a> to support citizens through furloughs or job losses and to stimulate spending. The way economists think about minimum wage has changed in light of real-world experiments that show wage increases do not reduce job rates.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"614\" height=\"615\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/counting.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/counting.png 614w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/counting-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/counting-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 614px) 100vw, 614px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Payroll teams can help reduce stress by ensuring accurate, timely wages are delivered to all employees. EY estimates about $1 trillion is stashed in employer payroll accounts on any given day, which it says is an opportunity.&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If policymakers consider the way scarcity-induced stress impacts a person\u2019s decision making, efforts to lift people out of the cycle of poverty could make a greater impact.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"block--author\">      <div class=\"block-author__inner\">\n        <div class=\"author--image\">\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/zoe-cooper\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/profile_Zoe-Cooper-298x305.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a>\n                  <\/div>\n        <div class=\"author--info\">\n                      <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/author\/zoe-cooper\/\" class=\"author--name\">Zoe Cooper<\/a>\n\n          \n          <p>Zoe Cooper is a writer and designer from New York, based in Berlin. She covers the intersection of visual culture (art, design, film) and technology for publications including Vox, Artsy, TASCHEN and Disegno.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"block--author-social\"><ul class=\"author--socials\"><li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zoe-cooper.com\/\" title=\"Author Website\" target=\"_blank\"><i class=\"fas fa-globe\"><\/i><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n       <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--recommended-content alignwide is-style-bg-adp-tan\"><div class=\"block-recommended-content__inner\">\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Read more<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/why-payroll-should-always-be-prepared\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/be-prepared-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">Why payroll should always be prepared\u00a0<\/span>\n          <p>Payroll needs to be at the core of all business continuity plans. The mantra is: hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. \n<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/seeking-security-pandemic\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/sahin-sezer-dincer-U1vx9SIzTkY-unsplash-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">Seeking security in the pandemic<\/span>\n          <p>The Covid-19 pandemic has tested our systems of social security, bringing increased attention to how governments care for people.<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n\n<div class=\"block--article-pushpoint pushpoint__small\">      <div class=\"block-article-pushpoint__inner\">\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/volunteering-on-company-time\/\">\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--image\">\n          <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/rethinkq.adp.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/environmentalist-volunteer-picking-up-trash-EPA5P2-1084x576.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"pushpoint--info\">\n                    <span class=\"pushpoint--title\">Volunteering on company time<\/span>\n          <p>Many organizations allow employees to volunteer at work. How can employers support these volunteering efforts?<\/p>        <\/div>\n      <\/a><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-group alignfull section--sign-up has-background\" style=\"background-color:#7967ae\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center is-style-default has-white-color has-text-color has-large-font-size\"><a href=\"\/sign-up\/\">Sign up<\/a> to keep up to date with ReThink Q.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poverty is so stressful that it can change the way the brain works. Ensuring income security is essential in this pandemic era. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1622,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[115],"tags":[44,189,186],"coauthors":[16],"class_list":["post-1621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thought-leadership","tag-payroll","tag-psychology","tag-security","issue-issue-4-security"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Income security: A basic human need - ADP ReThink Q<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Poverty is so stressful that it can change the way the brain works. 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